Bones play a vital role in maintaining the body’s structure and enabling smooth movement. Typically, the human body builds and accumulates bone mass continuously from childhood through young adulthood, reaching its peak around the age of 30. This is when bone density is at its highest. After that, bone formation gradually slows down, stabilizes, and then naturally declines with age. The decrease in bone mass becomes especially pronounced in postmenopausal women and men over the age of 60.
Osteopenia and Osteoporosis
Osteopenia and osteoporosis are conditions in which bone mass progressively decreases, making the bone structure weaker and more brittle. As a result, the risk of fractures increases, sometimes from even minor injuries such as slipping or light impacts.
People with osteoporosis often experience no pain or visible symptoms until a fracture or bone collapse occurs. This makes it difficult to detect without regular bone health screenings.
Risk Groups for Osteoporosis
People with a higher risk of developing osteoporosis include:
Postmenopausal women – After menopause, estrogen levels in the body drop rapidly. Estrogen plays a crucial role in maintaining bone mass, so its decrease leads to faster bone loss.
Men over 60 years old – Although men have a lower risk of osteoporosis than women, aging men experience reduced testosterone levels, which also affects bone strength.
People with nutritional deficiencies – Lack of calcium and vitamin D accelerates bone degeneration.
Family history – Those with a family history of osteoporosis or frequent bone fractures are at higher risk.
Bone Density Screening
To prevent fractures or bone collapse caused by osteoporosis, bone density screening is essential. Doctors recommend screening in the following groups:
Women aged 65 and older and men aged 70 and older:
Bone Mineral Density (BMD) testing is a painless and straightforward way to assess osteoporosis risk. This test helps identify fracture risks and guides doctors in deciding whether osteoporosis treatment is needed.
People with additional risk factors:
For example, individuals with a family history of fractures or long-term calcium and vitamin D deficiency may be advised to undergo BMD screening at an earlier age based on a doctor’s recommendation.
Spinal Fractures from Osteoporosis
If osteoporosis remains untreated, even minor accidents such as slipping and falling on the buttocks can cause spinal fractures or vertebral compression. This can result in severe back pain and difficulty moving. In some cases, falls may lead to fractures in other areas, such as the hips or wrists, requiring proper treatment, including surgery or physical rehabilitation.
Osteoporosis Treatment
Treatment for osteoporosis often involves medications and lifestyle measures to slow bone loss and stimulate new bone growth, such as:
Bisphosphonates: Medications that help slow bone breakdown and reduce fracture risk.
Calcium and vitamin D supplements: To improve calcium absorption into the bones.
Hormone replacement therapy: In some cases, hormone therapy may help slow bone loss in postmenopausal women.
Exercise: Weight-bearing exercises such as walking, light jogging, or weightlifting help strengthen both bones and muscles.
The Importance of Prevention and Timely Treatment
Early screening and treatment of osteoporosis can significantly reduce the risk of fractures and serious injuries. Appropriate medications can slow bone loss and strengthen bone structure.
With timely prevention and treatment, patients can lower the risk of complications such as spinal fractures, hip fractures, and wrist fractures—helping maintain a good quality of life and independence in daily activities.
Final Note
Taking care of bone health should never be overlooked, especially as we age. Early screening at the right age and proper treatment can greatly reduce the risk of fractures and bone collapse, ensuring better health and safety in the long run.
Written by Dr. Matee Phakawech
Medical License Number 41601